What is a difference between DNS and Active Directory?

DNS is a protocol which provides name resolution whereas AD is a directory service which provides network resources information with administrative capability. DNS is the required part of AD and without DNS, AD is of no use.

DNS servers simply resolve names into IP addresses or other types of similar requests.

DNS is no Microsoft specific.

DNS does NOT require Active Directory (though it might take advantage of it in a Microsoft environment.)

Active Directory is an ACCOUNTS DATABASE from Microsoft. It requires a corresponding DNS zone to work correctly.

AD & DNSActive Directory stores your user accounts, computer accounts, groups and other objects to allow or deny access to Microsoft domain resources.

Key Point:

Active Directory:

Active Directory is a service (a database) designed for Windows Domain Networks. A server with AD service is termed as Domain Controller. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network—assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software.

DNS (Domain Naming System):

DNS is processed to convert DNS names to IP addresses (Forward Lookup) and IP addresses to DNS names associated to them (Reverse Lookup).

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